What Not To Do When You Are Recovering From Wisdom Teeth Extraction?

Most people have had at least one of their wisdom teeth removed at some point in their life. In some cases, your dentist would recommend you to remove all 4 of them as a precautionary action to prevent any possible dental issues. Though wisdom teeth removal in Melbourne is a common procedure, it can become quite complex based on the positioning of your teeth. Thus, do not fail to follow the post-care instructions carefully, so that you can avoid unnecessary complications and pain in the future. Here are some things you should not do to have a successful recovery,

  • Not having a proper plan

You need to prepare in advance for your recovery period. Talk to your dentists about what to expect after removing your wisdom teeth in Melbourne.

Most importantly, arrange a friend or family member to get you back to your home after the surgery.

  • Not getting enough rest

It is essential to restrict your regular activities at the day of the surgery and take plenty of rest. A good sleep can boost your immune system and because of this your wound would heal well and faster.

  • Do not use straws

Sucking through straws would cause force exertion in your mouth. This could dislodge the blood clot and cause bleeding.

  • Swishing your mouth

It is good to have a clean mouth. Also, you would be tempted to swish and rinse excessively because your mouth can feel weird after the surgery. But avoid doing it or your blood clot might get dislodged.

Alternatively, you can rinse in a gentle manner by moving your head front-back and side-side, letting the gravity roll the water around your mouth.

  • Smoking

Smoking is similar to sucking a straw. While smoking, you are pulling in mouth and there is a high chance you would dislodge the blood clot. Also, remember that your mouth is recovering from a surgical procedure. Cigarette smoke contains carcinogens and other harmful substances that could delay the healing process. Also, it can result in dry sockets, a painful reaction that can happen after a surgery.

  • Taking medications on an empty stomach

Recovering from wisdom teeth removal in Melbourne is a painful process. Your dentist would prescribe you medicines to help you deal with it. But always have your medications after consuming a bit of food. Or else, the medications can trigger nausea.

  • Not following the recommended diet

You have to avoid drinking carbonated beverages and foods that can be hard to chew like peanuts, pasta, popcorn etc. And hot and spicy foods can cause irritation in your mouth.

Also, if you have any concerns regarding your recovery, consult with your dentist immediately.

A Little about No Gap Dentists:

No Gap Dentists is a team of experienced dentists in Melbourne who are working on providing affordable dental treatments for patients using cutting-edge technologies and Australian approved dental care products. To know more, visit http://affordabledentistcbd.melbourne/#about or Call 1300 320 881

 

The Most Likely Reasons Why Your Teeth Twinges

Pain can be very unpleasant, but in fact it is a protective reaction that signifies that something is wrong in your body. Dental pain can range from a mild discomfort to excruciating agony. It is usually caused by any issues associated with your teeth or jaw. Here are the major reasons why you teeth may hurt,

  • Temperature sensitivity

Though the pain related to this problem does not last long, there is a high likelihood that you are suffering from a minor dental problem. It can be anything like tooth decay, loose filling or an exposed root. You can overcome this problem by protecting your teeth against bacterial plaque. Brush your teeth gently by using soft-bristled brushes. Dentists in Penrith suggest that fluoride toothpastes can help you overcome temperature sensitivity.

  • You have just received a dental treatment

Fixing dental problems can cause inflammation inside your teeth, As such, Oral treatments can also make your teeth hurt. Luckily, it wouldn’t last more than a few days, while pain caused by removal of tooth decay and crown works could take much longer to go away. In order to survive the pain, you can take some over-the–counter pills prescribed by your dentist in Penrith.

  • You brush your teeth too hard

Brushing too aggressively can affect the natural tooth structure and cause recession of gums. The only way to remedy this is to have an appointment with a dentist. The dentist would then apply teeth coloured filings to the damaged teeth and use a gum graft to restore the gums.

  • Gum infection

They are caused when bacteria or germs make their way into your teeth and gum, and get multiplied. Eventually, your body would not be able to fight back against them. As a result, you would experience swelling and pain around the area. And sometimes you might even have a bad taste in your mouth. If left unattended, it would result in abscess, which will be more painful to endure. In Penrith, Dentists would clean the area surrounding the infected tooth and would prescribe medications to treat them.

  • Cracked tooth

This could be caused by a variety of reasons like biting too hard into something, trauma and grinding. You will experience pain whenever you chew and bite your food or drink anything cold. Go to a dentist immediately so that he/she can restore your teeth before the condition worsens. If you have the habit of grinding or clenching your teeth while sleeping, your dentist would recommend you to use a night guard to protect your teeth from further damage.

The best way to have healthy and pain-free teeth is to have a regular check up with your dentist without fail.

Learn more about Penrith Dental Clinic:

Penrith Dental Clinic is a best dental clinic in Penrith specialising in orthodontics, wisdom teeth removal, dentures, tooth extraction, cosmetic dentistry, preventive dentistry, restorative dentistry and root canal therapy. To know more Call (02) 47217771, or visit http://www.penrithdentalclinic.com.au/Office: Suite 4A, Penrith Dental Clinic / 61-79 Henry Street, Penrith, New South Wales 2750

Dental Bonding – An Overview

Dental bonding or tooth bonding is the process of applying tooth-colored resin to your tooth using adhesives and a high intensity curing light. This flexible procedure is used to rectify some dental imperfections. In the cosmetic procedure, dental bonding is used to improve the appearance of a discolored, chipped, or fractured tooth. If any of your teeth differ in color or shape compared to the rest, the dentist in Blacktown will perform the bonding procedure to achieve a uniform look. Even gapping between your teeth can be fixed by this dental bonding procedure.

Dental Bonding Procedure:

Dental bonding needs only a few preparations since anesthesia is not involved in this procedure. Initially, the dentist in Blacktown will match the resin color with the rest of your teeth to ensure that you have a uniform teeth color. Then the dentist will roughen your tooth surface and apply a liquid that helps the resin to stick on your tooth. Then the tooth-colored resin is applied on your tooth, and it is molded and shaped to fix your issue. At each stage, the resin is hardened using ultraviolet light, and when it attains the exact look as needed, the restorative is polished. This dental bonding process will take about 30 to 60 minutes for a tooth.

Benefits of Dental Bonding:

  • Preserve Tooth Enamel: During dental bonding procedure, only a small portion of your enamel is removed to roughen the tooth that helps the resin to adhere better to your tooth. It is vital to have undamaged enamel since it protects the sensitive inner layer of your teeth. Unlike other dental procedures, dental bonding preserves tooth enamel in good condition.
  • Durable: The resin used for dental bonding is a long lasting and durable substance. With a little maintenance, the dental bonding procedure can last more than 15 years.
  • Inexpensive: Dental bonding is one of the inexpensive dental treatments for damaged teeth. Depending on the severity and type of the damage, the cost may vary a little. Most people desire to improve their teeth, but everyone can’t afford it. Dental bonding will be a better option for them.

Dental Bonding Aftercare:

Even though dental bonding doesn’t need special care, it is better to follow the aftercare instructions to maintain their natural looking color and strength. Some of the aftercare instruction includes

  • Maintain oral hygiene by brushing, flossing and rinsing with mouthwash regularly.
  • Drink plenty of water after each meal to remove the food particles that are jammed in your teeth.
  • Avoid smoking and tobacco to prevent discoloration.
  • Reduce the consumption of tea, coffee, and red wine.
  • Limit the intake of acidic foods that destroy the composite resin and tooth enamel.
  • Avoid chewing hard objects or biting nails which can chip your bonded tooth.
  • Visit your dentist in Blacktown at least twice a year for check-ups.

A Little about Westpoint Dental Clinic:

Westpoint Dental Clinic is a leading dental clinic located on level 3 of the Westpoint Shopping Centre specialising in Cosmetic dentistry, preventive dentistry, restorative dentistry, orthodontics, microscopic dentistry and emergency dentistry. To know more, visit http://www.westpointdental.com.au/dentists/ or Follow https://plus.google.com/u/4/103108258167045518744/about

Location: Shop 3106, Level 3, Medical Centre, Westpoint Shopping Centre, 17 Patrick Street, Blacktown, NSW – 2148

Cosmetic Dentistry Procedures

Professional cosmetic dentistry procedures focus on improving your mouth, smile, and teeth. Though some procedures provide therapeutic benefits, cosmetic dentistry is elective rather than essential. For instance, to treat decayed teeth, dental fillings are commonly used. In the past, amalgam, gold, or other materials that left dark spots on your teeth, composed dental fillings. Today, natural looking, tooth colored dental materials are available making cosmetic dental procedures predictable and durable.

Cosmetic Dentistry Options

In cosmetic dentistry, the most standard procedures are relatively straightforward with others more involved and specialized. By using technologies such as lasers, dentists can perform sophisticated procedures without referring you to a specialist. Most popular cosmetic procedures include:

§ Dental veneers: Application of porcelain or composite laminates using adhesive bonds to correct chipped or cracked teeth. Dental veneers can correct your teeth’s excessive staining or worn out exterior. Provo Dentist recommends veneers for gaps in your teeth or when teeth whitening fails. When going for porcelain veneers assess you need, the costs, and dental insurance offsets.

§ Smile Makeovers: This procedure entails a complete evaluation of your smile aesthetics to determine possible improvements. Smile makeovers often require several procedures to correct defects in your upper or lower arches. Your dentist may suggest dental implants, dental veneers, teeth whitening, or gingival sculpting for your desired look.

§ Composite Bonding: Used to correct or improve the appearance of chipped, cracked, decayed, or discolored teeth. Composite bonding involves the application of a material similar to dentin and enamel to tooth cavities or surfaces. Sculpting, hardening, and contouring the tooth in place employs a high-intensity light. As a result, you enjoy a healthy, bright smile as the composite blends invisibly and naturally with your teeth.

§ Teeth Whitening: Often the most recommended cosmetic dental procedure. Years of use wear out or stain your teeth from drinks, food, smoking, medication, or poor dental hygiene. Whitening improves your teeth’s natural appearance. Bleaching or whitening achieves a lighter shade enhancing the sparkle of your smile. Whitening occurs only after the removal of tartar, plaque, and any debris from your teeth.

§ Inlays and Outlays: Inlays and outlays or indirect fillings, comprise composites or porcelain laminates that provide durable and aesthetic “fillings” for decayed or structurally damaged teeth. Dental laboratories design inlays and outlays placed on moderately or structurally decayed teeth to support fillings. Inlays are suitable for teeth with minimal damage and placed directly on the surface. In contrast, outlays cover the entire surface of extensively damaged teeth.

Choosing the Right Cosmetic Dentist
Choosing the correct cosmetic dentist for your unique needs entails careful reflection. Do your homework by investigating each dentist’s experience before the consultation.

Mona Vale Dental – The best place to fix your dental problem

Living in Australia is convenient as we get the best of everything. Especially when it comes to dental treatments, Australia offers the best and most advanced facilities. Dental treatments have come a long way and now advanced procedures are enabling ground breaking results to  patients. If you need any kind of dental treatments then look no further than Mona Vale Dental. This is one of the most trusted places that offer advanced treatments and cosmetic solutions for your teeth.

Why will you choose them?

Well, this is certainly the first question that will crop up and to answer that, one can state a lot of reasons. Some of the most enterprising reasons may include:

  • The dental care team is highly experienced, qualified and trained to provide care and best treatments.
  • The clinic provides treatments such as low dose digital x-rays, same day CEREC crowns and inlays, intra-oral camera, Cone Beam 3D imaging and computer guided implant planning and treatment.
  • Since it is owned privately you can be rest assured that you get to see the same doctor in your subsequent visits if required.
  • In emergencies you can avail an immediate appointment with the doctor.
  • Oral sedation or sleep dentistry is used on anxious patients
  • The clinic makes sure that they have the latest and most advanced equipment to serve you.
  • The tests are sent to Australian dental laboratories only.
  • The treatments provided by them are quite affordable and you can select how you pay.
  • The clinic is located very conveniently so that you can avail a parking space or bus to commute.
  • It is just not a dental clinic but a place where you can relax and enjoy with amusements like TV shows, Netflix and music.
  • You can chat with your friends while you wait for your turn with the complimentary wi-fi service

What are the services you can get?

Mona Vale Dental is one place where you can get almost every possible cure of your dental problem. So once you are there you can bid adieu to all your dental problem and smile the brightest forever. So if you are wondering if the clinic provides a treatment which you need, please go through the list to pick it.

  1. General dentistry
  2. Cosmetic dentistry
  3. Dental implants
  4. Teeth whitening
  5. Wisdom teeth removal
  6. Same day crowning
  7. Root canal treatment
  8. Children dentistry
  9. Orthodontics
  10. Grafting
  11. Sinus lifting
  12. Snoring and Sleep Apnea
  13. Emergency dental treatments
  14. Sedation

We hope that you could pick up one or maybe more services that you need for your teeth and gums.

It is all under one roof!

Once you step inside the Mona Vale Dental, you know you are in safe hands. With the experienced doctors and other team members to take care of you, it would be a cakewalk for you to recover from your dental problems. The advanced technology and medicines used by the clinic makes your treatment almost without pain. SO gone are those days when you would be scared of visiting your dentist. This clinic is surely a cut above the rest!

Curing people of the fear of the dentist

It is believed by some experts that as many as one in three people have a fear of the dentist. It is one of the most common phobias out there, and many of us become afraid of the dentist due to a traumatic event in our childhood that we simply cannot get past. Some of us are more afraid of them because we have watched a horror film in which the baddie is a dentist and they do horrible things to their patients. Some people become afraid of the dentist when they are much older, because of an operation that went wrong, or a dentist who was not particularly nice to them. Whatever the reason, a fear of the dentist is a genuine problem, and one that can cause physical health problems later on in life.

That may sound a little dramatic, but it is absolutely true. When a person is very afraid of the dentist then that can mean that even when they have a dental problem, they avoid going to the dentist completely even though they could be in a huge amount of pain. The discomfort and agony is still not enough to persuade them to go to the one person who would be able to help them, because they are frightened of them. The trouble is that the pain is an indication that something is badly wrong, and the longer that you leave it without going to see a dental health professional, the worse that it is going to get – and that means that it becomes more and more likely that you will need to have a more serious piece of dental treatment. It is a horrible cycle to find yourself in, and many dentists are aware of this. That is why they are working hard to encourage people to break the cycle – and they have found an innovative way to do it.

Dentists are now offering painless tooth restorations and fillings to those who have a very real and genuine fear of the dentist. It may sound a little bit like science fiction, the idea of a filling that is completely pain free, but advances in medical and dental technology mean that there have been huge changes in the way that dental procedures now operate. Things are not what they were like in the 1980s! Now there are many different types of tooth restorations, not just fillings, and almost all of them can be performed on a patient without them experiencing a huge amount of pain. In some cases, it is so gentle that the patient does not even realize that the treatment is being given to them then and there – they believe that they are still being examined! This is a huge leap from where we used to be within dentistry, and now we just have one more challenge: convincing people that this is now possible.

The difficulty is that painless fillings and tooth restorations sound a little bit like science fiction: no one believed a few years ago that it would even be possible, so now when a dentist tells their patient that they could have a filling completely painlessly, they simply are not believed! But with better education and a clearer understanding of what is now possible, we are hopeful that more people who have put off going to see their dentist because they have been afraid of them, and afraid of the pain that they could cause, will start to come to the dentist to receive the painless fillings and tooth restorations that they so desperately need. Ignoring the pain will not make it go away and not make your teeth any better. Instead, you need to face up to your fears and get painless fillings and tooth restorations from your dentist.

More at http://wisdomtoothpain.org

What is the difference between a dentist and a holistic dentist?

There is often a lot of confusion when it comes to dentistry because so many practitioners delight in using the big, long, and complicated words. In some ways, this is because it was drilled into them at dental college and they find it difficult to slip back into a more casual way of speaking. For others, it is because they like to show off their knowledge and sound important and clever. For some, they do not even realize that they are doing it! However, it is a very real barrier for many people who want to be able to understand dentistry as a patient because there is just so much jargon in the room that they are not able to follow what is going on – and the biggest challenge that almost every single patient faces is understanding the difference between a dentist and a holistic dentist.

  1. Now, for some people they will meet this problem immediately because their nearest or most recommended dental practice is a holistic dental clinic. As soon as they step through the doors, they will want to ask someone what a holistic dental clinic is but most of the time they will be too embarrassed to ask. They will assume that it is a very obvious thing, and then feel stupid because they do not know. This is certainly not the intention of any holistic dentist at all, but it is a natural side effect of having a slightly fancier title for your job that is rarely explained anywhere! And so, the patient goes through their appointment, diagnosis, and potentially even treatment without really understanding who is doing all of this to them, and what makes them different from a normal dentist!

So when it all comes down to it, what is the difference? Well, a normal dentist will go through dental college and pass all of their exams to become a qualified dentist and then usually go immediately into practice. It is a relatively easy and very simple route to understand and to follow. A holistic dentist on the other hand does things a bit differently. They start out at the same dental college and they pass all of the same exams to become a dentist, but instead of going straight into practising their skills they do some extra training. This extra training is the ‘holistic’ part, and it means that they have more experience and more expertise than most dentists do. This training enables them to give different types of diagnosis techniques and treatments which are often much better for the patient.

An example of this is mercury fillings. A normal dentist will take a look at your teeth, see that they have a problem, and decide that you need a filling. They will put together a mercury filling, slap it in your mouth, and pronounce that you have been healed of your health problems. A holistic dentist based in a holistic dental clinic however will do things a little differently. They know that mercury has been considered a deadly poison for the last few hundred years, so once they see that you need a filling, they will create a composite fillings from non-toxic and non-reactive materials that looks the same color and shade as your actual tooth. When they fit it in, they will be confident that it will blend in with the rest of your mouth so well that no one will even notice that it is there.

That is the key difference between a normal dentist from a dental practice and a holistic dentist from a holistic dental clinic – the latter goes the little extra mile to ensure that you are healthier and happier.

Source: http://brightondentalsd.com

5 Truths to Know Before Trying Invisible Braces

In many ways, low cost invisible brace in Melbourne is the best treatment you could do for your smile. But, there are a few things you must know before your first appointment. If you are wondering whether you need invisible brace treatment, read out the following.

  1. You have to wear them.

You need to keep the invisible brace on for at least 20 hours a day; else you won’t get the best results. Most dentists say that 22 hours a day is the rec, but you can boot two hours if it’s more realistic for your lifestyle. That means breakfast, lunch, and dinner become your power meals. You should be ready for this commitment before opting invisible brace treatment.

  1. You can’t see them.

No one can identify that you are wearing it and that is the reason why they are called invisible braces. With invisible braces in Melbourne, it’s possible to straighten teeth without anyone noticing the braces. For busy professionals who depend on a beautiful smile, this is important.

  1. Your travel toothbrush will become your best friend.

You will need to use one in between meals, so your salad/cereal/chicken doesn’t linger in your mouth longer. If you eat the typical three times a day, you will need it for 21 instances in a single week. That’s a whole lot of brushing; invest in a few.

  1. Don’t clean them with toothpaste.

A murky, yellow invisible brace is the only thing more noticeable than spinach wedged between your teeth. This may happen if you don’t brush after every meal and also if you are washing the brace with toothpaste. Most people think that’s how they are supposed to clean trays, but toothpaste contains abrasive ingredients that can cause build up and odor. Sticking to a mild detergent or soap is a better option.

  1. Limit your morning coffees.

In general, drinking coffee, red wine, tea that can stain your teeth, will stain your invisible brace too. So, if you rely on a cup of coffee to fuel your mornings, be warned. When you wear the invisible braces, you won’t get to enjoy it quite like you used to. You will have to factor it into your allotted time to eat breakfast, or take it out before your second cup and always brush before you put the trays back in.

Invisible brace uses a series of custom-made, removable, clear aligners to move your teeth into a new position and the cost of invisible braces in Melbourne is worth it. As your teeth start to move, you will need to change your aligners regularly. Typically, you will wear a new aligner every two weeks. You will also need occasional check-ups at the practice to ensure everything is going as per plan.

A Little about CostofBraces.com:

CostofBraces.comis a dental blogging site that provides unbiased information on cost of invisible braces, invisalign and ClearCorrect aligners. You can find interesting news on new brands that are emerging as an effective replacement for traditional invisible braces that are too expensive are discussed by experienced Sydney oral surgeons. To know more, visit http://www.costofbraces.com.au/ or Call 1300 320 881.

Dentist for your dental needs in Washington DC

Dentistry is branch of medical science that deals with the diseases related to oral cavity and other issues related to tooth. Most of the dental surgeons work in private clinics, Hospitals and in institutions such as army. Dentistry mainly focuses on the oral health. It involves preventing and curing issues related to once oral health. But modern dentistry involves cosmetic dentistry that focus mainly on appearance of your smile. Dentist in DC has both facilities in their clinic. So it is one stop solution for issues related to dentistry. Dentistry is the specialized form of medical science apart from normal basic medical science. In some countries it is must to complete general medical science graduation before one qualifies to study dental studies. Fillings are one form of cure for the tooth which has been decayed. Generally Dentist in Washington DC fills the decayed tooth with the special paste .It will help to remove the pain and will help to prevent the further decay of the tooth over the period of time.

Root canal treatment involves removing the infected pulp and fills the empty space with the special paste and crown. It normally requires the 2 visits to complete the entire procedure. Crowing is the process of putting cap to infected cap. This normally follows the root canal procedure but generally it can be done to avoid root canal also in some cases. Sealants are the process of coating the tooth with resin to ward off any decay. Dental Implant is the process which will be carried out when you lose one or multiple tooth due to various reasons. It might have got broken or you may get affected with the decay which forces to remove multiple teeth. Dentures follow the same procedure as Dental implant but differ in the sense that it doesn’t use any permanent metal rods or other materials. Artificial tooth set will be molded based on your mouth structure and it will fit in without any complications.

Dentist DC are experiences in treating the all kind of issues related to dentistry. They are not only specialists in curing the diseases. They also do the cosmetic dentistry. Normally cosmetic dentistry involves improving the appearance of teeth and gums. Your tooth might get broken due to accident. In that you can visit Dentist DC to get it fixed. Also if your tooth lost color to various reasons over the period of the time, you can contact them to get it whitened. This form is called Whitening of teeth and won’t need multiple visits.

Generally people tend not to provide any extra care to their dental issues.  Over the period of time it develops into bigger issue which results in removing of the tooth or other procedures which  involves root canal , dental implant etc. Tooth ache is one of the worst things to have. Besides having unbearable pain, you won’t be able to eat or drink anything normally till the issue is sorted out. Hence it is better to prevent before it occurs.

When Finding A Gaithersburg Dentist, Things To Keep In Mind

Finding an excellent Gaithersburg dental practitioner is not that simple. Regardless of where you reside in Gaithersburg, this can end up being a complicated job, specifically if you have not gone to a dental practitioner clinic for a while. Finding a dental expert need not be such daunting if the following pointers are followed.

Ask People You Know

One fantastic way to search for a Dentist in Gaithersburg MD is to ask people who are known to you and trustworthy, for their suggestions. How about asking your associates, friends, or family? Besides their suggestions, inquire about qualitative elements that the dental professionals are known for. You might ask how friendly the dental practitioner is, has the dental expert has a great waiting room, how is the habits of their personnel, and so on.

Are you new to an area?

For those of you who are new to a place, it might end up being hard to ask complete strangers for their suggestions for a terrific dental practitioner. What needs to be done in this circumstance? Why not ask people who are in a position about their option of best dental experts having their centers in Gaithersburg? A terrific way is to search healthcare facilities and other health centers that use dental experts’ services. They are in great position to inform the best Dentist Gaithersburg MD. All you require is to make a call to them for their suggestions.

There are likewise many local dental schools that are in an excellent position to inform the very best dental practitioner’s circumstance in the area. The rates charged by these dental schools might be lower compared to a regular dental expert in offering dental care. In spite of students offering dental care, a knowledgeable group of dental experts, having excellent knowledge of what is being done, will be monitoring these students.

Utilize the Internet

Nowadays, the web is an excellent source of info. You might search the web and find sites that supply lists of dental professionals having their centers in your area, along with, examines from patients who have checked out the centers. Find out a Gaithersburg dentist whose clinic is easily situated, and go through the evaluations. If the patients have great evaluations, see to it. Look for others if there are many negative evaluations. In addition, go to the site of the dental experts that you find close by. You might get a lot of details by check their sites. The site of the dental expert would likewise assist you get a feel for the character of the dental professional, by the design of the way and the site they interact on their site. And if any video is published, you might get a mutual understanding of the character of the dental expert.

Special Dental Needs

When searching for a dental expert, make certain that you take your special dental needs into consideration. If your teeth are healthy, then the choice of a dental professional ends up being much easier as all that is needed by the dental professional to do is such fundamental jobs like taking x-rays and cleansings. If your teeth are prepared, then a dental practitioner with expertise in orthodontics is what you need. And if you desire good-looking teeth, then you might try to find a dental practitioner with expertise in cosmetic dentistry, and so on.